desc "Recursively update your git projects"
task "git:update" do
  `find #{File.expand_path('.')} -name .git -type d`.collect { |d|
    d.chomp("/.git\n")
  }.each do |prj|
    puts(prj)
    Dir.chdir(prj)
    `git config --get svn-remote.svn.url`.empty? ?
      `git remote update` : `git svn fetch`
  end
end

Assuming you have already put your desktop public key in the git server’s authorized keys or on github/gitorious you have put your ssh public key in your profile. What you do is this:

echo >$HOME/.ssh/config <<\EOF
Host *.mydeployservers.com
  ForwardAgent yes
Host *.myotherdeployservers.com
  ForwardAgent yes
Host *
  ForwardAgent no
EOF
chmod -R go-rwsx $HOME/.ssh

Now SSH-Agent is setup to forward your keys through the deploy server and and you are ready to do some deploying. You may need to login to the deploy server once and try to login to the git server (github or the like) one time to accept the servers ssh key and stash in the deploy server/user’s local “known_hosts” file.

ssh myuser@mydelpoyserver.com
# (and from there)
ssh git@github.com
# the login will fail but the important part is accepting the server's ssh key
exit

Now back on your desktop you can now deploy from github or the like without “deploy keys”.

ssh-add ; #only need to do this once per login to your desktop
cap deploy

Update 6/7: I added a diff task and corrected a typo

# Git Sub-Trees Sake Tasks
# http://rubyurl.com/BwnY < - Read about the technique vs submodules
#
# This works super good with Rails plugins or when you are actively working
# on two related projects.
#
# Add these tasks with:
#   sake -i http://pastie.caboo.se/213492.rb
#
# Example Usage:
#
#   sake git:subtree:remote
#     Git Repo Url? git://github.com/mislav/will_paginate.git
#     Remote Name? will_paginate
#   sake git:subtree:merge
#     Branch? will_paginate/tags/2.2.2
#     Destination? vendor/plugins/will_paginate
#   git commit -m 'merged in new 2.2.2 will_paginate'
#
# From time to time update your remotes:
#   git remote update
#   -or-
#   git fetch will_paginate
#
# View diffs:
#
#   sake git:subtree:diff
#     Branch? will_paginate/tags/2.2.3
#
# Merge in updates:
#
#   sake git:subtree:update
#     Branch? will_paginate/tags/2.2.3
#   git commit -m 'merged in new 2.2.3 will_paginate'

desc 'Add an external project as a remote'
task 'git:subtree:remote' do
  require "readline"
  url = begin
    print "Git Repo Url? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  name = begin
    print "Remote Name? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  `git remote add #{name} #{url}`
  `git config remote.#{name}.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/#{name}/*`
  `git config --add remote.#{name}.fetch refs/tags/*:refs/remotes/#{name}/tags/*`
  `git config remote.#{name}.tagopt --no-tags`
  `git fetch #{name}`
end

desc 'Merge an external project as a sub-tree'
task 'git:subtree:merge' do
  require "readline"
  branch = begin
    print "Branch? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  dest = begin
    print "Destination? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  `git merge --squash -s ours --no-commit #{branch}`
  `git read-tree --prefix=#{dest} -u #{branch}`
end

desc 'Update an existing subtree project'
task 'git:subtree:update' do
  require "readline"
  branch = begin
    print "Branch? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  `git merge --squash -s subtree --no-commit #{branch}`
end

desc 'Show subtree diff against remote'
task 'git:subtree:diff' do
  require "readline"
  branch = begin
    print "Branch? "
    Readline.readline.chomp
  end
  puts `git-diff-tree -p #{branch}`
end

Here is how I created the image:

# Bootstrap
mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
debootstrap --arch i386 hardy /mnt/ubuntu

# Start
cat /proc/mounts >/mnt/ubuntu/etc/mtab
mount -o rbind /proc /mnt/ubuntu/proc
mount -o rbind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev
mount -o rbind /sys /mnt/ubuntu/sys
cat /etc/resolv.conf >/mnt/ubuntu/etc/resolv.conf
chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash

# Hostname
echo '127.0.0.1 localhost' >/etc/hosts

# Tidy
rm -rf tmp && ln -sf var/tmp tmp
rm -rf opt && ln -sf usr/local opt

# Locale
localedef -i en_US -c -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >/etc/default/locale

# Update
cat >/etc/apt/sources.list < <\EOF
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys A70DAF536070D3A1
gpg --armor --export A70DAF536070D3A1 | apt-key add -
cat >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list < <\EOF
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free
deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free
EOF
cat >/etc/apt/apt.conf < <\EOF
APT::Default-Release "hardy";
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y libc6-xen
rm -rf /lib/tls
apt-get upgrade -y
apt-get install -y ubuntu-standard

# Modules
wget -O - \
  http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-modules-2.6.18-xenU-ec2-v1.0-i686.tgz | \
  tar --no-same-owner -xzC /
depmod -a
echo 'loop' >>/etc/modules

# Color
perl -p -i -e ’s/xterm-color/xterm\*color/g’ /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/.bashrc
apt-get install -y ncurses-term 

# TTY
rm -f /etc/event.d/tty[2-6]

# Network
shadowconfig on
usermod -p \
  `dd if=/dev/urandom count=50 2> /dev/null | md5sum | cut -d ” ” -f1-1` \
  root
mkdir /etc/skel/.ssh
chmod 600 /etc/skel/.ssh
cp -r /etc/skel/.ssh /root
apt-get install -y ntp openssh-server
cat >/etc/ssh/sshd_config < <\EOF
Protocol 2
StrictModes yes
MaxStartups 10:30:60
Ciphers aes256-cbc,aes256-ctr
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
UseDNS no
EOF
cat >/etc/network/interfaces < <\EOF
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
EOF

# Boot
cat >/etc/rc.local < <\EOF
#!/bin/sh -e
# Root SSH Public Key
mkdir -p /root/.ssh >/dev/null 2>&1
wget -q -O - http://169.254.169.254/2008-02-01/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key \
  >/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod -R go-rwsx /root
# Userdata Shell Script
wget -q -O - http://169.254.169.254/2008-02-01/user-data | sh
exit 0
EOF

# Fstab
cat >/etc/fstab < <\EOF
/dev/sda1 /    ext3 user_xattr 0 1
/dev/sda2 /mnt ext3 user_xattr 0 2
/dev/sda3 swap swap sw         0 0
EOF

# EC2 tools
apt-get install -y symlinks unzip ruby libopenssl-ruby1.8 curl ca-certificates
cd /tmp
wget http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-ami-tools.zip
cd /usr/local
unzip /tmp/ec2-ami-tools.zip
ln -sf `find . -type d -name ec2-ami-tools*` ec2-ami-tools
chmod -R go-rwsx ec2*
rm -rf /tmp/ec2*

# Bundle
rm /bin/sh && ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh ; # make bash the default for ec2
modprobe loop ; # bundle image needs this
cat >/usr/local/sbin/image < <\EOF
#!/bin/bash
export EC2_AMITOOL_HOME=/usr/local/ec2-ami-tools
PATH=$EC2_AMITOOL_HOME/bin:$PATH
BUNDLE=`date '+%y%m%d%H%M%S'`
ec2-bundle-vol -r i386 -u $AMAZON_USER_ID --fstab /etc/fstab \
  -k $EC2_PRIVATE_KEY -c $EC2_CERT -b -d /mnt -s 10240 -e /root/.ssh -p $BUNDLE
ec2-upload-bundle -b $HOSTNAME -m /mnt/$BUNDLE.manifest.xml \
  -a $AMAZON_ACCESS_KEY_ID -s $AMAZON_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
rm -rf /mnt/$BUNDLE* /mnt/img-mnt
EOF
chmod 700 /usr/local/sbin/image

export HOSTNAME=ubuntu-ami
apt-get clean
apt-get autoclean
apt-get autoremove
symlinks -cdrsv /
rm -rf /var/tmp/* ~/.bash_history
image

# Register & make the ami public (on another machine)
ec2-register $HOSTNAME/XXXXXXXXXXXXX.manifest.xml
ec2-modify-image-attribute ami-XXXXXXX --launch-permission -a all

# Run
ec2-run-instances \
  -K ~/.amazon/pk.pem -C ~/.amazon/cert.pem \
  -k mykey --kernel aki-9b00e5f2 \
  ami-XXXXXXXXXXX

The only problem I have with Dmitri is that he likes PHP and Drupal. He’s only 12 though. He’ll grow out of it…

In today’s ruby web application landscape, every framework developer is writing his/her own handlers for every server he/she wants to support. This results in semi-duplicate code, if not for the web-server developer then for the framework-developer. This is the pain-point that Rack aims to solve. Rack proposes “why not have some common ground?” Java did this with the Servlet API 10 years ago. Python did this with WSGI 5 years ago.

By leveraging Rack, framework developers and web-server developers gain access to one another without having to write special adapters. Today that’s WEBrick, Mongrel, CGI, Ebb, Fuzed & Thin for web-servers and Rails, Camping, Coset, Halcyon, Maveric, Merb, Racktools::SimpleApplication, Ramaze, Sinatra & Vintage for web-frameworks. (this will undoubtably be outdated by conference time). Tomorrow every new web-server and web-framework that supports Rack can be used together. You’ll be able to pick and choose the best web-server for you without changing your favorite web-framework and vice-versa.

“What do Rails developers really stand to gain today by leveraging Rack?” It might be the ability to run several “rackable” applications side by side inside a single web-server instance. It might be the possibility to leverage or stack applications. You can intercept requests, modify them and pass them through to other handlers. You can also have multiple rackable applications sitting next to each other that comprise one user-facing application. Don’t like file uploads with Rails? Use another web framework or the Rack API directly to write it and place it along side your Rails app in the same application. Want to use single-sign-on for 3 Rails apps? No problem. Rack makes it easy to tie apps together.

Rack Hello World ( gem install rack & mongrel & visit http://localhost:3000 )

%w(rubygems rack).each { |dep| require dep }
Rack::Handler::Mongrel.run(
  lambda { |e| [
      301,
      { ‘Location’ => ‘http://rubyurl.com/g6L’ },
      ’:P’
    ]
  },
  :Port => 3000
)

In reading about Karma Yoga, I realize that this is exactly what software developers need to do when writing software.  Karma Yoga means “discipline of action” and is based on the teachings of the Bhagwat Geeta, a sacred Sanskrit scripture of Hinduism.

Karma Yoga is described as a way of acting, thinking and willing by which one does one’s duty without consideration of personal selfish desires, likes or dislikes. Acting without being attached to the fruits of one’s deeds.  In software this is doing what needs to be done for the betterment of the project and team without attaching your ego and self-worth to the code you write or the contribution you make.

When this mindset is taken on by software developers, colloboration, camaraderie and team-work increases while tensions, egos, stress, competition and caustic attitudes decrease.  It has to be consciencely chosen, but this is something to be strived for on teams.

Update 4/24/2008: I purchased VMWare Fusion last year and my rebate check never came.  Peter contacted me and made sure my rebate was on the way.  There’s nothing wrong with VMWare. It’s a fine tool. I just always have a leaning towards open source where ever possible.

That’s it. You can see that you can add more <VirtualHost *> entries for other applications. You need to put www.myapp.com hostname on the end of the “localhost” line in /etc/hosts.

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